What is the role of the kidney?
The kidneys are vital organs with multiple functions essential for the maintenance of the body's internal balance. Some of their key functions include:
Blood filtration
The kidneys remove wastes and toxins from the bloodstream through a process of filtration. This process allows the excretion of waste products in the urine.
Regulation of electrolyte and fluid balance
They maintain the balance of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and calcium, which are crucial for muscle and nerve function. They also control the volume of fluids in the body, which is essential for homeostasis.
Blood pressure regulation
Through the release of renin, an enzyme that regulates blood pressure, the kidneys help keep blood pressure within a healthy range.
Hormone production
The kidneys produce hormones such as erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production, and calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, which is important for calcium absorption.
Blood pH regulation
They help maintain the body's acid-base balance by excreting acids and regulating bicarbonate concentration.
